目的 考察影响水蒸气蒸馏法提取川芎挥发油的关键工艺参数。方法 挥发油、乳化芳香水均是挥发油提取过程的产物,挥发油性质会直接影响乳化芳香水的形成。通过分析不同冷凝温度及收集温度、提取温度、药液比、药材粉碎度等工艺参数对乳化芳香水的稳定性、得率的影响,进一步建立相应的挥发油提取过程控制模型,揭示挥发油提取分离过程中诱导其乳化分散的关键工艺及参数。结果 川芎挥发油的相对黏度、相对密度、表面张力和接触角均随着温度的升高而逐渐降低,界面张力随着温度升高而升高。稳定性动力学指数(TSI)与工艺参数的线性模型为:TSI＝0.877+0.230×提取温度-0.024×粉碎粒度+0.010×药液比+0.292×冷凝温度+0.776×收集温度;TSI与挥发油理化性质的线性模型为:TSI＝0.877-0.170×密度+0.098×黏度-0.301×表面张力+0.695×界面张力-0.060×接触角。挥发油得率与工艺参数的线性模型为:得率＝5.065+0.258×提取温度＋0.127×粉碎度+0.016×药液比+0.264×冷凝温度+0.264×收集温度+0.502×TSI;得率与挥发油理化性质的线性模型为:得率＝5.065-0.196×密度-0.167×黏度-0.201×表面张力+0.153×界面张力-0.065×接触角。结论 川芎芳香水TSI、得率与提取温度及药材粉碎粒度成正比,提取温度及药材粉碎度为模型药材提取工艺的关键参数。挥发油得率与TSI呈显著正相关,TSI可以反映挥发油的得率,是可以客观评价工艺参数的具体指标。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the key process parameters that affect the extraction of essential oil from Ligusticum chuanxiong by steam distillation. METHODS Volatile oil and emulsified aromatic water are the products of the extraction process of volatile oil. The nature of volatile oil will directly affect the formation of emulsified aromatic water. The influence of extraction temperature, the ratio of liquid to medicine, medicinal material granularity process parameters on the stability of the emulsified fragrance water and the yield of volatile oil were analyzed, furtherly the corresponding extraction process control model of volatile oil was established to reveal the key technology and parameter during the process of volatile oil extraction and separation. RESULTS The relative viscosity, relative density, surface tension and contact angle of Ligusticum chuanxiong oil decreased gradually with the increase of temperature, while the interfacial tension increased with the increase of temperature. The liner model of aromatic water TSI and process parameters was TSI=0.877+0.230 × extraction temperature -0.024 × comminution particle size + 0.010 × liquid ratio +0.292 × condensation temperature +0.776 × collection temperature. The liner model of the physicochemical properties of TSI and volatile oil was TSI=0.877-0.170×density +0.098 × viscosity -0.301 × surface tension +0.695 × interfacial tension -0.060 × contact angle. The liner model of volatile oil yield and process parameters was that yield=5.065+0.258 × extraction temperature +0.127 × particle size +0.016 × liquid ratio +0.264 × condensation temperature +0.264 × collection temperature +0.502 × TSI. The liner model with the physicochemical properties of volatile oil was the yield=5.065-0.196 × density -0.167 × viscosity -0.201 × surface tension +0.153 × interfacial tension -0.065 × contact angle. CONCLUSION TSI and yield of aromatic water of Ligusticum chuanxiong are directly proportional to the extraction temperature and comminution particle size of medicinal materials. The yield of volatile oil shows a significant positive correlation with the TSI value, which can reflect the yield of volatile oil and is a specific index that can evaluate the process parameters objectively.